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Is It Safer to Read From an Ereader Than Your Phone

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Device for reading e-books

An due east-reader, as well chosen an east-book reader or e-book device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals.[1]

Any device that tin can brandish text on a screen may act equally an e-reader; however, specialized due east-reader devices may optimize portability, readability, and battery life for this purpose. Their main advantage over printed books is portability. This is because an due east-reader is capable of property thousands of books while weighing less than ane book, and the convenience provided due to addition features.[ii]

Overview [edit]

An e-reader is a device designed as a convenient manner to read e-books. It is similar in form cistron to a tablet computer,[three] but oft features electronic newspaper rather than an LCD screen. This yields much longer battery life — the bombardment tin final for several weeks — and better readability, similar to that of newspaper fifty-fifty in sunlight.[4] Drawbacks of this kind of display include a slow refresh rate and (normally) a grayscale-only display, which makes it unsuitable for sophisticated interactive applications as those found on tablets. The absence of such apps may be perceived as an advantage, every bit the user may more than easily focus on reading.[five] The Sony Librie, released in 2004 and the precursor to the Sony Reader, was the kickoff eastward-reader to use electronic paper.[half-dozen]

Many due east-readers tin can utilise the internet through Wi-Fi and the built-in software can provide a link to a digital Open Publication Distribution Organization (OPDS) library or an e-book retailer, allowing the user to buy, borrow, and receive digital e-books.[7] An eastward-reader may too download e-books from a computer or read them from a retentivity card.[8] All the same, the use of memory cards is decreasing as well-nigh of the 2010s era e-readers lack a card slot.[nine]

History [edit]

An idea similar to that of an eastward-reader is described in a 1930 manifesto written by Bob Brown titled The Readies,[10] which describes "a uncomplicated reading machine which I can deport or move around, attach to any old electric low-cal plug and read hundred-g-word novels in 10 minutes". His hypothetical car would use a microfilm-style ribbon of miniaturized text which could be scrolled past a magnifying drinking glass, and would permit the reader to adjust the type size. He envisioned that eventually words could be "recorded direct on the palpitating ether".[xi]

The establishment of the East Ink Corporation in 1997 led to the development of electronic paper, a technology which allows a brandish screen to reflect calorie-free like ordinary paper without the need for a backlight. Among the first commercial east-readers were Sony's Data Discman (which was using Mini CDs with special caddies) and the Rocket eBook.[12] Several others were introduced around 1998, but did not gain widespread credence. Electronic paper was incorporated showtime into the Sony Librie that was released in 2004 and Sony Reader in 2006, followed past the Amazon Kindle, a device which, upon its release in 2007, sold out within five and a half hours.[13] The Kindle includes access to the Kindle Store for eastward-book sales and delivery.

As of 2009[update], new marketing models for eastward-books were existence developed and a new generation of reading hardware was produced. E-books (as opposed to e-readers) had yet to reach global distribution. In the Usa, equally of September 2009, the Amazon Kindle model and Sony's PRS-500 were the ascendant east-reading devices.[14] Past March 2010, some reported that the Barnes & Noble Nook may have been selling more units than the Kindle in the US.[15] The Ectaco jetBook Color was the first color e-reader on the market, but its muted colors were criticized.[16] Equally of 2021, a few color E-ink readers have been introduced into the marketplace.[17]

Inquiry released in March 2011 indicated that e-books and e-readers were more pop with the older generation than the younger generation in the UK. The survey, carried out by Silvery Poll, found that effectually 6% of people over 55 owned an due east-reader, compared with just 5% of 18- to 24-year-olds.[18] According to an IDC study from March 2011, sales for all eastward-readers worldwide rose to 12.eight million in 2010; 48% of them were Amazon Kindles, followed by Barnes & Noble Nooks, Pandigital, and Sony Readers (about 800,000 units for 2010).[19]

On January 27, 2010 Apple Inc. launched a multi-function tablet figurer called the iPad[20] and announced agreements with five of the six largest publishers[21] that would allow Apple to distribute east-books.[22] The iPad includes a built-in app for e-book reading chosen iBooks and had the iBookstore for content sales and delivery. The iPad, the start commercially profitable tablet, was followed in 2011 past the release of the start Android-based tablets too equally LCD tablet versions of the Nook and Kindle. Different previous defended e-readers, tablet computers are multi-functional, apply LCD touchscreen displays, and are more agnostic to eastward-book vendor apps, allowing for the installation of multiple e-volume reading apps. Many Android tablets accept external media and allow uploading files direct onto the tablet'southward file system without resorting to online stores or deject services. Many tablet-based and smartphone-based readers are capable of displaying PDF and DJVU files, which few of the defended east-book readers can handle. This opens a possibility to read publications originally published on newspaper and later scanned into a digital format. While these files may not be considered e-books in their strict sense, they preserve the original look of printed editions. The growth in full general-purpose tablet use allowed for further growth in the popularity of e-books in the 2010s.

In 2012, in that location was a 26% decline in sales worldwide from a maximum of 23.2 million in 2011. The reason was given for this "alarmingly sharp decline" was the rise of more general-purpose tablets that provided e-book reading apps along with many other abilities in a similar form factor.[23] In 2013, ABI Research claimed that the decline in the e-reader market was due to the aging of the customer base.[24] In 2014, the industry reported e-reader sales worldwide to be around 12 million, with only Amazon.com and Kobo Inc. distributing e-readers globally and various regional distribution by Barnes & Noble (US/UK), Tolino (Germany), Icarus (Netherlands), Purse International (Eastern Europe and Russia) and Onyx Boox (Prc and Vietnam).[25] At the finish of 2015, eMarketer estimated that there were 83.4 million east-reader users in the Usa, with the number predicted to grow by 3.v% in 2016.[26] In late 2014, PricewaterhouseCoopers predicted that by 2018 east-books would brand up over 50% of total consumer publishing acquirement in the U.S. and United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, while at that fourth dimension, e-books were over thirty% of the share of the revenue.[27]

Until late 2013, the use of an eastward-reader was not allowed on airplanes during takeoff and landing.[28] In November 2013, the FAA allowed employ of e-readers on airplanes at all times if set to Aeroplane Mode, which turns all radios off. European authorities followed this guidance the following month.[29]

Due east-reader applications [edit]

Many of the major book retailers and third-party developers offer e-reader applications for desktops, tablets, and mobile devices, to allow the reading of eastward-books and other documents contained of defended e-volume devices.[30] E-reader applications are available for Mac, Linux, and PC computers every bit well as for Android, iOS and Windows Phone devices.

Impact [edit]

The introduction of eastward-readers brought substantial changes to the publishing manufacture, also enkindling fears and predictions about the possible disappearance of books and print periodicals.[31]

Criticism [edit]

The graphical design of ebooks underlies the format and technical limits of e-readers, because most E-ink readers exercise non support color displays- and they accept a express resolution and size.[32] The reading feel (readability) on East-ink displays (that are not back-illuminated) depends on the lighting condition.[32]

E-readers are usually designed to merely offer admission to the online shop of one provider. This structure is referred to as (digital) ecosystem and helps smaller companies (east.g. Kibano Digireader) to compete against multinational companies (similar Amazon, Apple, etc.).[33] On the other hand, customers only have the possibility of purchasing books from a express selection of ebooks in the online shop (attainable via the e-reader) and therefore practice non have the possibility of purchasing e-books from the open up market.[34] Considering of the utilise of ecosystems, companies are not forced to compete confronting each other and therefore the toll of east-books do not decrease. With only the option of using an online shop, the social interaction of ownership or borrowing a book disappears.[35]

In the Eu, media products, including newspaper books, often take a tax reduction. Therefore, the VAT for conventional books was often lower than that of e-books. In legal terms, e-books were considered a service since it was regarded equally a temporary lease of the production. Therefore, ebook prices were often similar to paper book prices, even if the production of ebooks has a lower cost.[34] In October 2018, the EU allowed its member countries to alter the aforementioned VAT for ebooks every bit for newspaper books.[36]

Richard Stallman has expressed concern about the perceived loss of freedom or privacy that comes with east-readers, namely the inability to read any a reader prefers without the possibility of being tracked.[37] [38]

Positive aspects [edit]

E-readers tin hold thousands of books limited merely past their retention and use the same physical infinite as a conventional book. Nigh Eastward-ink displays are not dorsum-illuminated and therefore seem to cause no more than eye strain than a traditional book and less eye strain than LCD screens, with a longer bombardment life.[39] [40] Features such equally the ability to arrange font size and spacing can help people who have difficulty reading or dyslexia. Some e-readers link to definitions or translations of central words.[41] [42] Amazon notes that 85% of its eastward-reader users wait up a word while reading.[43]

Eastward-readers can instantly download content from supported public libraries by using apps like Overdrive and Hoopla.[44]

Popular e-readers [edit]

  • Amazon (Global): Kindle, Kindle Paperwhite, Kindle Voyage, Kindle Oasis, Kindle Oasis ii
  • Barnes & Noble (U.s.a./UK): Nook, Nook GlowLight, Nook GlowLight Plus
  • Bookeen (France): Cybook Opus, Cybook Orizon, Cybook Odyssey, Cybook Odyssey Hd FrontLight
  • Kobo (Global): Kobo Touch, Kobo Glo, Kobo Mini, Kobo Aura, Kobo Aura HD
  • Onyx Boox (Europe, Russia, Prc and Vietnam): Onyx Boox Max2, Onyx Boox Notation
  • PocketBook (Europe and Russia): PocketBook Touch, Purse Mini, Purse Touch Lux, Pocketbook Colour Lux, PocketBook Aqua
  • Tolino [de] (Frg): Tolino Shine [de], Tolino Shine two Hd [de], Tolino Vision [de], Tolino Vision 2 [de]

Come across also [edit]

  • Comparison of e-volume readers
  • Supporting platforms for e-book formats
  • Open Publication Distribution System

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Best E-Book Readers of 2017". CNET . Retrieved 2017-05-26 .
  2. ^ Ray, C. Claiborne (October 24, 2011). "The Weight of Memory". The New York Times. Q&A (column). p. D2.
  3. ^ And the nearly popular style to read an eastward-book is. Wired. November 2010.
  4. ^ Falcone, John (July 6, 2010). "Kindle vs. Nook vs. iPad: Which e-book reader should y'all buy?". CNet. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  5. ^ The one gadget I can't alive without… is not my phone Techzim. Retrieved May 17, 2017
  6. ^ "Sony LIBRIe – The kickoff e'er E-ink e-book Reader". Mobile mag. 2004-03-25. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  7. ^ "How to Rent or Borrow eBooks Online". www.moneycrashers.com . Retrieved 2017-05-26 .
  8. ^ "Everything You Need to Know Almost Using a MicroSD Card With Your Amazon Fire Tablet". Retrieved 2017-05-26 .
  9. ^ "Will Memory Cards Be Phase Out for eReaders Birthday?". The eBook Reader Web log. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-05-26 .
  10. ^ Brown, Robert "Bob" (2009). Saper, Craig J. (ed.). The Readies. Literature by Design: British and American Books 1880–1930. Houston: Rice University Press. ISBN9780892630226. OCLC 428926430. Retrieved 2012-12-06 .
  11. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (2010-04-08). "Bob Brown, Godfather of the Eastward-Reader". The New York Times . Retrieved 2012-12-06 .
  12. ^ MobileRead Wiki – Rocket eBook. Wiki.mobileread.com (2011-eleven-20). Retrieved on 2012-04-12.
  13. ^ Patel, Nilay (November 21, 2007). "Kindle Sells Out in v.5 Hours". Engadget.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2007. Retrieved November 21, 2007.
  14. ^ Take, Commencement (2010-09-xi). "Bookeen Cybook OPUS | ZDNet United kingdom". Community.zdnet.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-24 .
  15. ^ Rodney Chan Nook outnumbers Kindle in March, says Digitimes Enquiry, DIGITIMES, Taipei, 26 April 2010
  16. ^ "Ectaco jetBook Color E-ink reader". Trusted Reviews. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
  17. ^ "Turning the tables, the electronic ink screen updated from only black and white to rich colors". boox.hk . Retrieved four May 2021.
  18. ^ "East-book popularity set to increase this year". Retrieved 4 March 2011.
  19. ^ "Nearly 18 One thousand thousand Media Tablets Shipped in 2010 with Apple tree Capturing 83% Share; eReader Shipments Quadrupled to More than Than 12 Million" (Press release). IDC. x March 2011. Archived from the original on 2014-10-28.
  20. ^ "iPad – See the web, email, and photos similar never before". Apple tree. Retrieved 2011-10-24 .
  21. ^ "iPad iBooks app US-merely, McGraw-Hill absent-minded from Apple event". AppleInsider. Jan 28, 2010. Retrieved Feb fourteen, 2010.
  22. ^ "Apple tree Launches iPad". Apple.com. 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2011-10-24 .
  23. ^ Tibken, Shara (Dec 12, 2012). "RIP e-book readers? Rise of tablets drives east-reader drib". CNet.
  24. ^ Smith, Tony (25 January 2013). "Tablets aren't killing e‐readers, it's clog-popping wrinklies – analyst". The Register.
  25. ^ The State of the e-Reader Manufacture in 2015 September 24, 2015
  26. ^ Many Thought the Tablet Would Kill the Ereader. Why It Didn't Happen. eMarketer, February 29, 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  27. ^ "In Europe, Slower Growth for e-Books". The New York Times (2014-11-12). Retrieved on 2014-12-05.
  28. ^ Matt Phillips (2009-05-07). "Kindle DX: Must You Turn information technology Off for Takeoff and Landing?". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2011-07-28 .
  29. ^ "Cleared for take-off: Europe allows use of e-readers on planes from gate to gate". The Contained. London. 9 December 2013.
  30. ^ "How to buy the best ebook reader – Which?". www.which.co.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland . Retrieved 2017-05-26 .
  31. ^ Ballatore, Andrea; Natale, Simone (2015-05-18). "E-readers and the death of the book: Or, new media and the myth of the disappearing medium". New Media & Social club. eighteen (10): 2379–2394. doi:10.1177/1461444815586984. hdl:2318/1768949. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 39026072.
  32. ^ a b Benedetto, Simone; Drai-Zerbib, Véronique; Pedrotti, Marco; Tissier, Geoffrey; Baccino, Thierry (2013-12-27). "E-Readers and Visual Fatigue". PLOS 1. viii (12): e83676. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...883676B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083676. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC3873942. PMID 24386252.
  33. ^ Colbjørnsen, Terje (2014-06-ten). "Digital departure: analysing strategy, interpretation and controversy in the example of the introduction of an ebook reader technology". Data, Communication & Order. eighteen (1): 32–47. doi:10.1080/1369118x.2014.924982. ISSN 1369-118X. S2CID 144104890.
  34. ^ a b Colbjørnsen, Terje (2014-04-07). "What is the VAT? The policies and practices of value added tax on ebooks in Europe". International Journal of Cultural Policy. 21 (3): 326–343. doi:10.1080/10286632.2014.904298. ISSN 1028-6632. S2CID 154763274.
  35. ^ Sangwan, Sunanda; Siguaw, Judy A.; Guan, Chong (2009-10-xxx). "A comparative written report of motivational differences for online shopping". ACM SIGMIS Database. 40 (iv): 28. doi:x.1145/1644953.1644957. ISSN 0095-0033. S2CID 16479656.
  36. ^ Ha, Thu-Huong (October three, 2018). "The European Matrimony has decided that ebooks are really books, later on all".
  37. ^ "The Danger of E-Books - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation".
  38. ^ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/ebooks.html
  39. ^ Maxim, Andrei; Maxim, Alexandru (2012). "The Role of east-books in Reshaping the Publishing Industry". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 62: 1046–1050. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.178. ISSN 1877-0428.
  40. ^ Baccino, Thierry; Tissier, Geoffrey; Pedrotti, Marco; Drai-Zerbib, Véronique; Benedetto, Simone (2013-12-27). "E-Readers and Visual Fatigue". PLOS Ane. 8 (12): e83676. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...883676B. doi:ten.1371/periodical.pone.0083676. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC3873942. PMID 24386252.
  41. ^ Barzillai, Mirit; Thomson, Jenny 1000. (2018-09-30). "Children learning to read in a digital world". First Monday. 23 (10). doi:10.5210/fm.v23i10.9437. ISSN 1396-0466. S2CID 52928911.
  42. ^ "Kindle Features: Search, Ten-Ray, Wikipedia and Dictionary Lookup, Instant Translations". world wide web.amazon.com . Retrieved 2019-04-25 .
  43. ^ Kozlowski, Michael (2015-ten-14). "What are the nearly looked upwardly words on the Kindle?". Skilful e-Reader . Retrieved 2019-05-07 .
  44. ^ "Guidemaster: Ars tests and picks the best e-readers for every budget". 23 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-28 .

External links [edit]

  • Media related to E-book readers at Wikimedia Eatables

jordanmancien.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-reader

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